Legumes and Cancer Prevention Abstracts
[From Medline]
Return to
Protein and Nutrients from Other Beneficial Legumes (Beans)
Return to
Soy Info Online!
AUTHOR: Benito E; Stiggelbout A; Bosch FX; Obrador A; Kaldor J;
Mulet M; Munoz N
ADDRESS: Unitat d'Epidemiologia i Registre de Cancer de Mallorca,
Spain.
TITLE: Nutritional factors in colorectal cancer risk: a case-
control study in Majorca.
SOURCE: Int J Cancer (GQU), 1991 Sep 9; 49 (2): 161-7
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY PUB.: UNITED STATES
ABSTRACT:
The relationship between energy intake, selected nutrients
and colorectal cancer was investigated in the population of
Majorca, a Spanish island in the Mediterranean basin. A
population-based case-control study using food frequency
questionnaires was conducted during the period 1984-1988 and
included 286 cases of colorectal cancer, 295 population
controls and 203 hospital controls. Food composition tables
and ad-hoc estimates of portion sizes were used to derive
intake estimates of 29 nutrients and of total calories.
Relative risks were calculated for quartiles of consumption
of each specific nutrient after adjustment for total calorie
intake. Colorectal cancer was found associated with dietary
intake of total calories (RRs = 1.0, 1.6, 1.6, 2.6) and
cholesterol (RRs = 1.0, 0.9, 1.7, 1.7) and a protective
effect was associated with the intake of fibre from legumes
(pulses) and folic acid. The associations and the trends
were statistically significant. Among the main energy-
supplying nutrients, after adjustment for calories from
other sources, increased risks were found for protein (RRs =
1.0, 1.1, 1.7, 2.5), notably animal protein, and
carbohydrates (RRs = 1.0, 1.5, 1.4, 2.2), whereas no effects
were found for increased consumption of lipids or saturated
fats.
AUTHOR: Hughes JS; Ganthavorn C; Wilson-Sanders S
ADDRESS: Food and Nutrition Science Program, Health, Physical
Education, Exercise Science and Nutrition, Northern Arizona
University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5095, USA.
TITLE: Dry beans inhibit azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis
in F344 rats.
SOURCE: J Nutr (JEV), 1997 Dec; 127 (12): 2328-33
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY PUB.: UNITED STATES
ABSTRACT:
Epidemiological studies show a low incidence of colon cancer
in many Latin American countries where the consumption of
dry beans (e.g., pinto) is high. The purpose of this study
was to use rats as an animal model to obtain experimental
data on the inhibition of colon carcinogenesis by dry beans.
Fifty-three 5-wk-old weanling male F344 rats were randomly
assigned by weight to the following groups: control (11
rats), casein diet (21 rats), and bean diet (21 rats).
Animals fed the casein and bean diets were treated with the
carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM) once weekly for 2 wk. Rats in
the control group also consumed the casein diet but were not
exposed to AOM. All diets were isocaloric. The protein
concentration of the diets was adjusted to 18 g/100 g with
casein, and the fat concentration was adjusted to 5 g/100 g
with corn oil. Rats fed the bean diet had significantly
fewer colon adenocarcinomas (P < 0.05) than rats fed the
casein diet (5 vs. 22 tumors), and significantly fewer rats
fed the bean diet (P < 0.05) had colonic tumors than did
casein-fed rats (24 vs. 50%). Tumor multiplicity was also
significantly lower for the bean-fed rats, and significantly
fewer (P < 0.05) tumors per tumor-bearing rat were observed
in bean-fed rats than in casein-fed rats (1.0 +/- 0.0 vs.
2.5 +/- 0.6). This study demonstrates that dry beans contain
anticarcinogenic compounds capable of inhibiting AOM-induced
colon cancer in rats. However, the specific anticarcinogenic
components within dry beans have not been identified, and it
is unclear whether dietary fiber, phytochemicals or other
components within dry beans are primarily responsible for
the anticarcinogenic properties of beans.
AUTHOR: Le Marchand L; Hankin JH; Wilkens LR; Kolonel LN; Englyst
HN; Lyu LC
ADDRESS: Etiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Research
Center, Honolulu, USA.
TITLE: Dietary fiber and colorectal cancer risk.
SOURCE: Epidemiology (A2T), 1997 Nov; 8 (6): 658-65
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY PUB.: UNITED STATES
ABSTRACT:
We conducted a population-based case-control study among
different ethnic groups in Hawaii to evaluate the role of
various types and components of fiber, as well as
micronutrients and foods of plant origin, on the risk of
colorectal cancer. We administered personal interviews to
698 male and 494 female Japanese, Caucasian, Filipino,
Hawaiian, and Chinese cases diagnosed during 1987-1991 with
adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum and to 1,192
population controls matched to cases by age, sex, and
ethnicity. We used conditional logistic regression to
estimate odds ratios, adjusted for caloric intake and other
covariates. We found a strong, dose-dependent, inverse
association in both sexes with fiber intake measured as
crude fiber, dietary fiber, or nonstarch polysaccharides. We
found inverse associations of similar magnitude for the
soluble and insoluble fiber fractions and for cellulose and
noncellulosic polysaccharides. This protective effect of
fiber was limited to fiber from vegetable sources, with an
odds ratio of 0.6 (95% confidence interval = 0.4-0.9) and
0.5 (95% confidence interval = 0.3-0.7) for the highest
compared with the lowest quartile of intake for men and
women, respectively. We found associations of the same
magnitude for soluble and insoluble vegetable fiber, but no
clear association with fiber from fruits or cereals. This
pattern was consistent between sexes, across segments of the
large bowel (right colon, left colon, and rectum), and among
most ethnic groups. The effect of vegetable fiber may be
independent of the effects of other phytochemicals, since
the effect estimates remained unchanged after further
adjustment for other nutrients. Intakes of carotenoids,
light green vegetables, yellow-orange vegetables, broccoli,
corn, carrots, bananas, garlic, and legumes (including soy
products) were inversely associated with risk, even after
adjustment for vegetable fiber. The data support a
protective role of fiber from vegetables against colorectal
cancer, which appears independent of its water solubility
property and of the effects of other phytochemicals. The
data also indicate that certain vegetables and fruits may be
protective against this disease through mechanisms other
than their fiber content.
AUTHOR: De Stefani E; Deneo-Pellegrini H; Mendilaharsu M; Ronco A
ADDRESS: Registro Nacional de Cancer, Montevideo, Uruguay.
TITLE: Diet and risk of cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract--I.
Foods.
SOURCE: Oral Oncol (CU5), 1999 Jan; 35 (1): 17-21
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY PUB.: ENGLAND
ABSTRACT:
In order to examine the risks of cancer of the upper
aerodigestive tract associated with food groups, a case-
control study was conducted in Uruguay in the period January
1996-December 1997. All patients afflicted with cancer of
the oral cavity, pharynx larynx, and esophagus, were
included in the study. Cases were frequency matched with
hospitalized patients on age, sex, residence, and
urban/rural status. A strong association with red meat
intake was observed (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-4.8), whereas
vegetables fruits and legumes were associated with an
inverse association (OR for fruits 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.6).
Salted meat, a possible source of nitrosamines, was
associated with an increased risk of 60% for esophageal
cancer. Possible mechanisms for these findings are
discussed.
AUTHOR: Bueno de Mesquita HB; Maisonneuve P; Runia S; Moerman CJ
ADDRESS: Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Public
Health and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, The
Netherlands.
TITLE: Intake of foods and nutrients and cancer of the exocrine
pancreas: a population-based case-control study in The
Netherlands.
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY PUB.: UNITED STATES
ABSTRACT:
During 1984-88 a population-based case-control study was
carried out in the Netherlands in collaboration with the
International Agency for Research on Cancer in order to
investigate the role of diet in exocrine pancreatic
carcinoma. A semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire
was used to comprehensively assess usual diet about 1 year
prior to diagnosis of 164 cases or interview of 480
controls. More than half of the cases were directly
interviewed. After controlling for age, gender, response
status, life-time cigarette consumption and dietary intake
of total energy, monotonic, significantly inverse dose-
response effects with estimates of daily consumption of
vegetables were found. The significant inverse effect of
total cooked vegetables was primarily concentrated in
cruciferous vegetables. Consumption of fresh vegetables was
also significantly and inversely related to risk. A
monotonic, positive dose-response gradient was seen for the
consumption of eggs, while consumption of fish was
significantly related to risk as well. Among direct
respondents, significantly inverse relationships were found
for the consumption of legumes, tomatoes, cheese and
fermented milk products. Inverse associations with
consumption of (subgroups of) fruits were observed in women
only. The monotonic, significantly inverse relationship for
consumption of low-fibre vegetables and the somewhat weaker,
inverse association for high-fibre vegetables in directly
interviewed subjects only, may point to protective agents
other than vegetable fibre. Although intake of dietary fibre
and beta-carotene were both inversely related to risk,
simultaneous estimation suggested that beta-carotene or
other as yet unknown correlated constituents, rather than
dietary fibre, might explain the inverse relationships. A
significant protective effect of vitamin C was demonstrated
in women but not in men. Our study suggests that,
independent of smoking and dietary intake of total energy,
low consumption of specific vegetables and possibly
fermented milk products and high consumption of eggs and
fish may have influenced the development of exocrine
pancreatic cancer.
http://www.soyinfo.com/studies/cancerlg.shtml